Contents

• Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Preface
• Introduction
  • Purpose
  • Scope
  • Overview of calibration
    • Lab calibration
    • BESSY calibration
    • Filter calibration
    • HRMA/ACIS calibration
  • Version History
• Data Products
  • XRCF Calibration
    • High-speed Tap Pipeline
    • Telemetry Pipeline
  • ACIS-2C HST Products
    • Raw data
    • Average Bias
    • Events & Event lists
• CCD Detector Calibration and Modelling
  • Basic CCD Model Components and Measurement Strategy
    • A Brief Description of ACIS CCDs
    • X-ray CCD Detection Efficiency: Processes, Models and Parameters
    • Spectral Redistribution: Processes, Models and Parameters
    • De-coupling Detection Efficiency and Spectral Resolution by Choice of Event Selection Criteria
  • Overview of Detector Calibration Measurements
  • Energy Scale and Spectral Redistribution Function
    • Energy Scale and Spectral Resolution
    • Physics of low energy tail in the CCD response function
  • Pileup Measurements and Modelling
    • Introduction
    • Simple model of pileup for a quasi-monochromatic incident spectrum
    • Pileup experiments and determination of $\hat{\epsilon}$ and $\epsilon$
    • Redistribution of X-rays by Pileup
    • Branching Ratio Variation with Flux
    • Single Pixel Pileup
  • CCD Subpixel Structure
    • Introduction and Motivation
    • Description of Mesh Experiments
    • First Results
    • Prospects for sub-pixel resolution
  • Measurement of Absolute Quantum Detection Efficiency of Reference Detectors
    • Absolute Calibration of Reference Detectors with Undispersed Synchrotron Radiation
    • High-Energy Quantum Efficiency from Grade Branching Ratios
    • Comparison Between Measured & Modeled Relative Quantum Efficiency above 5 keV
    • Near edge structure of X-ray absorption in the CCD response
    • Validation of High Speed Tap Data Acquired at XRCF
    • ACIS High Speed Tap Count Rates During XRCF Phase I: Towards Absolute Efficiency Measurements from XRCF Data
  • Quantum Efficiencies of ACIS Flight Detectors Relative to Reference Detectors
    • Measurement Method, Analysis Techniques, and Data Products
    • Relative Quantum Efficiency Measured at MIT CSR
    • Comparison Between MIT and XRCF (Phase I) Measurements of Relative Quantum Efficiency
  • Absolute Quantum Efficiency of ACIS Flight Detectors
    • Quantum Efficiency Model and Fitting Results
    • Fitting Methods: FI Device Model Parameters.
    • Uncertainties in Absolute Quantum Efficiency
  • Effects of Instrument Configuration and Environment on Detector Calibration
    • Effects of Parallel Register Clock Levels on Detection Efficiency
    • Effects of Focal Plane and Detector Electronics Temperature
    • Long Term Gain Stability
    • Temperature Dependence on Dark Current
    • Effects of CCD Clocking Modes on Detector Peformance
  • Instrumental Background
    • Background Rate Measurements at XRCF
    • Dependence of Background Rejection Efficiency on Event Grade Selection
    • Predicted On-orbit Background Rates
  • In-flight ACIS Calibration Sources
    • Overview
    • The Internal Contamination Monitor (ICM)
    • The External Calibration Source (ExtCalSrc)
  • ACIS Sensitivity to Visible-Band Radiation
  • ACIS CCD Sensitivity to Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation
    • Ionizing Dose Effects
    • Effects of Energetic Protons
    • Search for Effects of Short Exposure to Low-Earth Orbit on ACIS CCD Peformance
  • The MIT Model of the ACIS CCD
  • Unresolved Issues
    • Bias Stability
    • Long-term Gain Stability
• Optical Blocking Filter Performance
  • ACIS UV/Optical Blocking Filter Transmission Function
    • Brookhaven Experimental Configuration
    • Calibration Strategy
    • Modeling the Transmission Data and Determining an X-ray Transmission Function.
    • ACIS UV/Optical Blocking Filter Calibration at the Advanced Light Source
    • Optical Characterization of the ACIS UV/Optical Blocking Filters.
    • Temperature Dependence of Filter Properties
    • Summary and Conclusions
  • Transmission Maps of the ACIS UV/Optical Blocking Filters
    • Measurements
    • Transmission Maps
    • Transmission Profiles
    • Summary
  • ACIS Sensitivity to Optical Light from Stars
    • Starlight Sensitivity Calculation
• ACIS/HRMA Performance Prediction
  • ACIS XRCF Measurement Plan
    • Introduction
    • Shutter Focus
    • Plate Focus
    • Point Spread Function
    • Effective Area
    • Count-Rate Linearity
    • Spatial Linearity
    • Flight Contamination Monitor
  • HRMA/ACIS Effective Area and Energy Resolution
    • Analysis Technique
    • Filtering of ACIS Events
    • X-ray Line Flux Density at HRMA Entrance
    • Effective Area and Energy Resolution vs. Grade Selection; Pre-launch Results
    • Effective Area and Energy Resolution vs. Split Event Threshold
    • Scientific Applications
  • ACIS/HRMA Point Spread Function
    • XRCF Measurements of ACIS/HRMA PSF
    • The ACIS Model
    • Tuning Parameters
    • Limitations
    • PSF Simulation Metrics
    • On-Orbit Simulations
  • Focal plane geometry
    • CCD geometry
    • Ray projection on ACIS
  • Sub-pixel Photon Position Detection
  • Spatial linearity
    • Linearity between FAM and ACIS positions
    • Size of ACIS-2C pixels
  • Pileup for PSF concentrated measurements
    • Flux correction via the ROI method
    • XRCF experiments on pileup effects
    • Pile-up Mitigation
  • Radiation Damage from HRMA Focussed X-rays
  • On-orbit Performance Prediction
• Calibration Products
  • ACIS_SIM: Simulations of CCD Response to X-rays
    • The Generic CCD Simulator
    • Specifics of the ACIS CCD Simulator
    • Tuning Parameters
    • Future Plans
    • Comparing Simulated Output to XRCF Data
  • Tools for ACIS Real-time Analysis (TARA)
• Bibliography
• ACIS Grades
• CCDSIM User Guide
  • Introduction
  • Running the MARX Simulation
  • Running the Penn State ACIS Simulator
  • FITS Output of the Simulator
• Optical Light Contamination from HRMA Focussed Stars
  • Calculation without Gratings
  • Calculation with Gratings
• Glossary of Acronyms